Cultivation and Reseeding Effects on Soil Organic Matter in the Mixed Prairie
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigated how disturbances from cultivation and haying altered the soil organic C (SOC) at two sites: one (Lethbridge) in a Stipa – Agropyron – Bouteloua community (49°7″ N, 112°57″ W) and a second (Onefour) in a more xeric Stipa – Bouteloua community (49°3″ N, 110°27″ W). Seven disturbance treatments were established on previously uncultivated native grassland to assess their effect on SOC 12 or 13 yr after establishment. A randomized complete block design with four replicates was used. Soils were sampled in the fall of 1995, 1997, and 2006 at two increments (0–15 and 15–30 cm) and a third (30–90 cm) was sampled in 2006. The soils were all analyzed for their SOC and, in 2006, also for their light fraction organic C (LF OC) and mineralizable C. Breaking and immediate establishment of perennial grass monocultures had no effect on SOC, LF OC, or mineralizable C. Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cropping (either fallow or continuous) resulted in a 19% loss of SOC after 13 yr. The rate of loss varied from an average of about 1.7 Mg ha −1 yr −1 in the first 4 yr to about 0.32 Mg ha −1 yr −1 in the subsequent 9 yr. These results are consistent with a more rapid loss of SOC in the first decade of cropping virgin soils, a slowing rate of loss, and a new steady state within a few decades.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".