REMOVAL OF BISPHENOL A FROM AQUEOUS STREAMS BY MICELLAR EXTRACTION AND ULTRAFILTRATION
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Micellar enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) represents a potentially attractive tool for the removal of different contaminants from waste waters. The work presented in this paper was aimed at investigating the use of MEUF to remove 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol [also known as 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane and commercially available as bisphenol A or DIANE] from aqueous streams. Three surfactants, sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS), hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and alkylpolyglucoside Glucopon 215 SCUP (APG) were used to form the micellar structure both in the absence and in the presence of NaHCO3 as an electrolyte. CTAB which form cationic micelles gave the best performances in terms of bisphenol A rejection and micelle loading capacity. This may be as a result of the influence of various factors including the existence of a preferential interaction between the positive charge of the ammonium site of CTAB and the n -electron cloud of the aromatic rings of bisphenol A, as well as differences in interphase water penetration, micelle structure and chain packing and folding.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".