Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport during sustained exercise in diploid and triploid chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To better understand the respiratory physiology of triploid fish, we conducted an analysis of O2and CO2transport in diploid and triploid chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) swimming at 0.4 body lengths (BL)·s1, at 2.0 BL·s1, and at the critical swimming velocity (Ucrit). While O2consumption rates (MO2), MO2max, and Ucrit did not differ between ploidies, triploids had a smaller increase in MO2over the course of the swimming trial and lower arterial O2content (CaO2) values than diploids. Relative to diploids, triploids swimming at Ucrit had a reduced HbO2saturation, lower red blood cell (RBC) pH, but similar O2partial pressures (PaO2) and methemoglobin values. Overall, triploids and diploids did not differ in CaCO2, PaCO2, arterial pH, or lactate at any of the swimming speeds. Taken together, triploidy does not appear to impair CO2transport or acidbase balance during sustained exercise in chinook salmon. In contrast, our results show that triploids have a smaller O2carrying capacity than diploids. While triploids may be able to compensate for their reduced aerobic capacity under the current exercise regime, we suggest that the effects of triploidy on O2transport may contribute to the inferior performance of triploid salmon when reared under suboptimal conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".