Calmodulin Stimulation of Plasmalemmal Ca <sup>2+</sup> -Pump of Canine Aortic Smooth Muscle
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plasma-membrane-enriched fractions of canine aortic smooth muscle possess an ATP-supported Ca2+ accumulation which has an absolute requirement for Mg2+ and a high affinity for Ca2+ (Km approximately 0.5 microM). The rate of ATP-supported Ca2+ transport is not affected by several calmodulin antagonists, but is stimulated by exogenously added calmodulin. The maximal effect of calmodulin on the rate of ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport (at 5.0 microM Ca2+) occurs at 10 micrograms/ml calmodulin and represents an approximately 3-fold stimulation. This calmodulin stimulation of Ca2+ transport does not require pretreatment of the membranes by EGTA and is an intrinsic property of the plasma membranes. A high-affinity Ca2+-ATPase (Km for Ca2+ approximately 0.5 microM) is also present in the aortic smooth muscle plasma membrane. This high-affinity Ca2+-ATPase does not require Mg2+ for catalytic activity, but is in fact inhibited by increasing Mg2+ concentrations. Calmodulin at concentrations effective for the stimulation of the ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport has no effect on the high-affinity Ca2+-ATPase activity or on the basal ATPase activity stimulated by 5 mM Mg2+ or Ca2+. Our results indicate that isolated plasma membranes of canine aortic smooth muscle contain no endogenous calmodulin. The ability of exogenously added calmodulin to stimulate the rate of ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport by vascular smooth muscle plasma membranes suggests that calmodulin may play a role in lowering the cytoplasmic concentration of ionized calcium during vasodilatation. An Mg2+-independent, but not an Mg2+-dependent high-affinity Ca2+-ATPase, was identified in the plasma membranes. This may be separate from the plasmalemmal Ca2+-pump.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it