Alternating half-loop shedding in the turbulent wake of a finite surface-mounted square cylinder with a thin boundary layer
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The configuration and energetics of the large-scale vortex structure are presented for quasi-periodic shedding in the turbulent wake of a finite (h/d = 4) square-cross-section surface-mounted cylinder protruding from a thin boundary layer (δ/h = 0.18). The three-dimensional large-scale structure is educed from phase averaged x-y and x-z planar data measured with particle image velocimetry (PIV). Simultaneous measurements of the surface pressure difference on either side of the obstacle were used to phase-align the PIV planar measurements. The topology of the educed structures resembles alternating half-loops interconnecting close to the base plate. The time averaging of this unsteady structure gives rise to mean streamwise vortices akin to those presented in the literature for similar geometries. This topological analysis offers a contrasting interpretation of the mean streamwise vorticity, which has, otherwise, been presumed to originate from structures generated at the leading edge of the free-end. The dynamical significance of the resolved large scale structures and unresolved fluctuating kinetic energy in the wake is presented, either part being responsible for roughly half the mean kinetic energy. A discussion of turbulence production in light of the base flow that supplies it with energy is put forward.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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