Numerical modelling of groundwater flow and contaminant transport to Point Pelee marsh, Ontario, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A numerical model was developed for simulating groundwater–wetland interactions and contaminant transport. The model calculates transient hydraulic head and a transient free surface in a two‐dimensional, heterogeneous domain, with variable and transient boundary conditions (infiltration, evapotranspiration, surface water), and water and contaminant fluxes across the aquifer–wetland interface. Contaminant transport is also simulated, with contaminant sources located at the free surface, wetland, or within the saturated domain. The model was applied to assess groundwater–wetland interactions and the transport of septic‐system‐derived contaminants at Point Pelee, Ontario, Canada. The model successfully simulated the field observations of groundwater flow and contaminant plumes. Where the barrier bar is narrow, the seasonal reversal in the direction of groundwater flow is caused by differences in the elevation of the water surface of Lake Erie and that of the marsh. This, in turn, induces the contaminants to oscillate between movement towards the lake during the winter and towards the marsh during the summer. Hence, contaminant plumes are bimodal in shape. Where the barrier bar becomes wider, the lake and the marsh have less effect, and hence contaminants move in one direction, along the principal direction of groundwater flow towards the marsh. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".