Bibliographic record
Abstract
The near-wake tip vortex flow structure behind a NACA 0015 airfoil with a trailing-edge flap was investigated. Lift-induced drag was computed based on vorticity and was compared with force-balance data. The vortex strength reached a maximum immediately behind the trailing edge and remained nearly constant up to two chord lengths downstream (x/c = 3). The displaced flap produced a more concentrated vortex of similar diameter and a higher induced drag compared to that of a baseline airfoil and had a larger radial gradient in circulation strength for flap angle δ < 15 deg; the vortex radius increased significantly for δ =2 0deg. For δ < ‐ 15 deg, the axial flow velocity was jetlike with the peak values increased with the flap angle. The nearly symmetric vortex was observed at x/c =2 .25 fo ra displaced flap while at x/c =1 . 5f or a baseline airfoil. The stength and interaction of the secondary and main vortices along the tip were also found to increase with the flap angle, and the vortex flow (immediately downstream of the deflected flap) was dominated by the presence of multiple vortices. The normalized circulation in the inner part of the symmetric vortex exhibited a self-similar structure, insensitive to the flap angle.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".