Spatial Ecology and Population Genetics of Northern Map Turtles (Graptemys geographica) in Fragmented and Continuous Habitats in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In riverine systems, the construction of locks and dams may present barriers to movement for aquatic organisms and effectively fragment otherwise continuous populations. We examined the spatial ecology and population genetics of northern map turtles (Graptemys geographica) in the Trent-Severn Waterway (TSW), Ontario, Canada. We hypothesized that the locks and dams on the TSW are fragmenting map turtle habitats and creating barriers to movement, and predicted that turtles from fragmented habitats have significantly reduced home range sizes and daily movements compared to turtles from unfragmented habitats, and that populations on either side of a lock and dam would be genetically distinct. Home ranges and average daily movements were smaller for turtles from fragmented habitats compared with continuous habitats, indicating that locks and dams are restricting mobility. However, populations in fragmented habitats showed none of the predicted genetic consequences of fragmentation (e.g., reduced heterozygosity and allelic richness, differentiation across a barrier). Genetic data may be reflecting historic population structure because only a few turtle generations have passed since the construction of the locks and dams about 100 years ago. Additionally, our genetic data may not be sufficiently robust to detect differentiation at this relatively small geographic scale. Our study highlights the conservation importance of examining multiple facets of a single potential threat, especially for long-lived species that may show differences in short- and long-term effects of fragmentation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".