Closure to “Lateral Pipe-Soil Interaction in Sand with Reference to Scale Effect” by P. J. Guo and D. F. E. Stolle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The authors note that their research describes the effects of pipe (or size effect) as well as the differences between a full-scale and a reduced scale (or model effect), particularly under 1 g conditions. They further state that pressure sensitivity affects perfectly rigid grains; even those that interact by frictional forces with an intergrain friction coefficient working independently of the magnitude of the normal force. For that reason, the authors do not see particle crushing as inducing stress-level dependency in the normal stress range of the soil-pipe interaction presented in their research; however, they do concur that particle crushing under high confining pressures may contribute to stress-level dependency. As to the effect changes in cohesion c and elastic modulus E by the same factor, the authors state that their paper does not consider this. They add that in physical modeling, the scale effect cannot be viewed as identical to the effect owing to a variation in the cohesion c and the elastic modulus E by a factor.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".