A New SAGD Well Pair Placement; a Field Case Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), a tertiary recovery method, has been consistently improved by experimenting with various solutions in both oil-sands and heavyoil fields in Canada. The SAGD process consists of two stacked horizontal wells and is proven technology in heavy-oil fields. Employing the same concept of gravity drainage, SAGD well placement convention has been revisited and challenged many times. Known to the industry, the X-SAGD and JAGD processes are two examples of fit-for-purpose well design and recovery schemes that require unique drilling practices. The Celtic pool, located in Lloydminster, Saskatchewan in Canada is an active Husky Energy Inc. thermal field that includes 21 SAGD well pairs. In this heavy-oil pool, one of the SAGD well pairs (I3/I4) experienced production downtime shortly after coming into service. Following numerous unsuccessful service jobs, several re-entry options were suggested to recover remaining reserves. These included sidetracking the I3 well, re-drilling a new well from the same pad location, or commencing a new well from a different surface location. These cases were ranked and in 2010, based on a drilling risk assessment, the new horizontal producer well (I3A) was drilled close to the existing well pair. The I3A well was placed counter-currently below the exisiting injector well (I4) and successfully set parallel to the abandoned Well I3. Steam conditioning was completed in the first quarter of 2011, and the new SAGD well pair (I3A/I4) has been successfully put on production. The new well pair was positioned in the opposite direction of a conventional SAGD well pair placement. This paper presents the original I3/I4 pair performance, the challenges, result of re-drilling Well I3A, reservoir simulation study and recent field production of the I3A/I4 SAGD well pair.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".