The impact of renin-angiotensin system polymorphisms on physiological and pathophysiological processes in humans
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The renin-angiotensin system plays a central role in health and disease but the determinants of renin-angiotensin system activity have not been fully elucidated. Physiologic genomics continues to be an active area of research that emphasizes definition of phenotype and clarification of non-genomic factors that influence the genotype-phenotype correlation. A common variant of the angiotensinogen gene (T235) predicts elevated levels of circulating angiotensinogen, and polymorphisms of this gene have been linked to physiologic responses and to the risk of cardiovascular disease. The angiotensin-converting-enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism, although not considered functional, has been associated with physiologic responses and disease risk in hypertension and diabetes. A polymorphism of the angiotensin type 1 receptor gene, A1166C, has been the focus of several physiologic studies. These authors will focus on mechanistic studies in normal humans and those with diabetes mellitus or hypertension that examine the impact of these polymorphisms on physiologic responses. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies provide divergent results. Many have shown that mediating factors interfere with the genotype-phenotype correlation. Studies in normal individuals and in those with diabetes mellitus have shown that sodium status and glycemia can alter the impact of genotype. In individuals with essential hypertension, the pathway between genotype and physiology can be disrupted by gender and/or race. SUMMARY: Divergent results in many studies may be attributable to various non-genomic and environmental influences on the pathway between gene polymorphism and physiology. Clarification of these factors should allow a better understanding of genotype-phenotype correlation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".