Removal of Chloride and Iron Ions from Archaeological Wrought Iron with Sodium Hydroxide and Ethylenediamine Solutions
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Results are presented on the effectiveness of treating archaeological iron by immersion in an aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution (2% w/v, pH 13.5, room temperature) followed by immersion in an aqueous 1,2-diaminoethane (ethylenediamine, EN) solution (5% v/v, pH 11.5, 50°C). This study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of these solutions in removing dissolved chloride ions and to explain the occasional observation of rapid iron corrosion. Thirty-two archaeological wrought iron pieces were treated. Some were immersed in NaOH followed by EN, and, for comparison, others were treated first in EN, then NaOH. Each artifact was treated separately and solutions were changed on a regular basis. The chloride ion concentration was determined by potentiometric titration with a silver nitrate solution. For nine artifacts, solutions were analysed quantitatively for 26 different dissolved elements using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The results demonstrate that chloride ions are more effectively removed from archaeological iron by immersion in NaOH than by immersion in EN. The results also demonstrate that heavily mineralized iron is more likely to remain unbroken if immersed in EN before immersing in NaOH. Unfortunately, the corrosion of iron can be stimulated by EN because it forms soluble complexes with iron(II) ions.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it