Hollow Out-of-Plane Polymer Microneedles Made by Solvent Casting for Transdermal Drug Delivery
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although hollow microneedles have been proposed as an effective and convenient method for transdermal drug delivery, their expensive fabrication techniques to date have prevented their mass fabrication as a viable option. A novel method, based on solvent casting, is presented for inexpensive fabrication of hollow out-of-plane polymer microneedles. Microneedles are formed during a solvent evaporation process, which leaves a polymer layer around pillars in a prefabricated mold. The mold is fabricated using photolithography and can be used for consecutive solvent casting of microneedles. Arrays of microneedles with lengths up to 250 μm have been fabricated from clay-reinforced polyimide. Several mechanical tests were performed on solvent cast solid structures to find the optimum clay percentage in the polyimide that would lead to the highest compressive strength. The fabricated needles were tested for robustness, and it was observed that the needles were capable of withstanding on average compressive loads of up to 0.32 N. The suitability of the microneedles for skin penetration and drug delivery was demonstrated by injection of fluorescent beads into a skin sample.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it