Metabolism-Based Resistance of a Wild Mustard (<i>Sinapis</i> <i>arvensis</i> L.) Biotype to Ethametsulfuron-methyl
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Under controlled-environment conditions, ethametsulfuron-methyl doses that inhibited growth by 50% (ED(50)) were >100 and <1 g of active ingredient (ai) ha(-)(1) for ethametsulfuron-methyl-resistant (R) and -susceptible (S) wild mustard, respectively. There were no differences between the two biotypes with regard to absorption and translocation of the herbicide. Three days after treatment, approximately 90, 5, and 2% of the applied [(14)C]ethametsulfuron-methyl was found in the treated leaf, foliage, and roots of each biotype, respectively. Acetolactate synthase extracted from the two biotypes was equally sensitive to both ethametsulfuron-methyl and chlorsulfuron. These results indicate that resistance was not due to differences in the target site, absorption, or translocation. However, ethametsulfuron-methyl was metabolized more rapidly in the R than the S biotype. Approximately 82, 73, 42, 30, and 17% of the recovered radioactivity remained as ethametsulfuron-methyl in R wild mustard 3, 6, 18, 48, and 72 h after treatment, respectively. Conversely, 84, 79, 85, and 73% of the (14)C was ethametsulfuron-methyl in the S biotype 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment, respectively. On the basis of these results, it is proposed that resistance is due to enhanced metabolism of ethametsulfuron-methyl in the R biotype.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".