WISE 2005
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: The mechanism of the pressor response to metaboreflex activation remains in debate with proponents posing sympathetically-mediated increases in total peripheral resistance (TPR) or increases in cardiac output (Q) as the major determinants. Inter-individual differences in such control are possible. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that elevations in Q determine the pressor response during fatiguing volitional exercise. METHODS: 17 healthy women, (age = 32 yrs, height = 165 cm, weight = 59 Kg), performed two minutes of ischemic static handgrip exercise (SHG; 40% of maximal voluntary contraction force) while HR, stroke volume (Doppler), blood pressure (Finometer), and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) were measured followed by the calculation of Q and TPR. 11 participants also performed 3 min of −45 mmHg lower body negative pressure (LBNP) and 5 minutes of 60 degrees head-up tilt (HUT) as control conditions where TPR responses were expected. RESULTS: Total MSNA increased above baseline by the second minute (P < 0.05) whereas Q increased in each min of exercise (∼1 L/min; P < 0.05). The average TPR was unchanged from baseline during SHG (n = 17) but increased ∼7 mmHg/L/min (P < 0.05) during both LBNP and HUT (n = 11). Inter-individual differences were evident in SHG with elevated TPR observed in 9/17 individuals but no change or a decrease observed in the remaining participants (TPR was elevated in all 11 participants during LBNP and HUT). Concurrently, elevations in Q during the first and second minute of exercise were evident in 15/17 participants. CONCLUSIONS: The ability to elevate TPR was normal in these individuals. Nonetheless, the contribution of Q and TPR to hemodynamic control during volitional ischemic SHG exercise was variable with the majority of the blood pressure response involving changes in cardiac output rather than TPR. Supported by ESA, NASA, CSA and CNES and performed at MEDES, Institute for Space Physiology and Medicine in Toulouse, France.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.645 | 0.585 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".