Lack of relationship of calcium and vitamin D intake to bone mineral density in premenopausal women with inflammatory bowel disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Low bone mineral density has been widely reported in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The exact etiology of this condition is not completely understood but is suggested to be multifactorial, possibly including low calcium and vitamin D intake. The objective of this study was to assess calcium and vitamin D intake and its relationship to bone mineral density (BMD) in premenopausal women with IBD. METHODS: A total of 70 premenopausal women with IBD (mean age 33.3 yr, range 18-44 yr) drawn from the population-based University of Manitoba IBD Research Registry participated in the study. Calcium and vitamin D intake was determined using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and compared to the Dietary Reference Intake values for adequacy. BMD of total body, lumbar spine, femoral neck, and hip was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Of the 70 subjects, 66 successfully completed the study. Inadequate calcium intake (<1000 mg/day) was found in 69.7% of the subjects. This low intake group had a mean calcium intake of 508 mg/day. Inadequate vitamin D intake (<200 IU/day) was found in 53% of the subjects with a mean vitamin D intake of 76 IU/day in this group. Calcium and vitamin D intake correlated with each other with R2=0.57, p<0.00001. Daily calcium intake was not significantly different for subjects with T scores greater than -1 (901 mg) and for subjects with T scores less than -1 (875 mg, p=0.44). Daily vitamin D intake was not significantly different for subjects with T scores greater than -1 (297 IU) compared with subjects with T scores less than -1 was (267 IU, p=0.33). Comparing subjects with T scores greater than -1 to those with T score less than -1, there was no difference in the percentage of subjects ingesting >1 g/day calcium (14/43 vs 8/23, p=0.86) or in those with vitamin D intake >200 IU/day (21/43 vs 9/23, p=0.45). CONCLUSIONS: The results show that, on average, premenopausal women with IBD have less than the recommended intake for calcium and vitamin D. However, this does not seem to influence BMD. Calcium and vitamin D intake is not a predictor of bone status in premenopausal women with IBD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".