Complementary, Holistic, and Integrative Medicine: Therapies for Neurodevelopment in Preterm Infants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
1. Elaine Galicia-Connolly, MD* 2. Larissa Shamseer, MSc* 3. Sunita Vohra, MD, MSc* 1. *Department of Paediatrics, CARE Program for Integrative Health and Healing, University of Alberta, Edmonton General Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. * Abbreviations: CCT: : controlled clinical trial CI: : confidence interval DHA: : docosahexanoic acid fVEP: : flash visual evoked potential IQR: : interquartile range LBW: : low birthweight LCPUFA: : long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid MDI: : Mental Developmental Index RCT: : randomized controlled trial WMD: : weighted mean difference Preterm birth is defined as birth occurring at age <37 weeks, with extremely preterm birth occurring at <26 weeks. (1) Children born prematurely have been shown to have significantly lower cognitive scores compared with children born at term by age 5 years, with scores being significantly positively correlated to both birthweight and gestational age. (2) In addition, preterm children are significantly more likely to develop attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and other behavioral problems at school age than children born at term. Complementary and alternative medicine therapies are used to help alleviate long-term consequences of preterm birth. In this article, we review commonly used complementary and alternative medicine therapies (long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid [LCPUFA] supplementation, massage therapy, and music therapy) and their effects on the neurodevelopment of preterm infants. The following electronic bibliographic databases were searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane’s Database of Systematic Reviews and Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and PsycInfo. The search was limited to systematic reviews and clinical trials. Search terminology included neurodevelopment, premature infant, nutritional supplementation, massage therapy, music therapy, and their respective synonyms according to database. No language limits were imposed. Included studies were restricted to clinical studies. ### Long-chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids The n-3 LCPUFA, docosahexanoic acid (DHA), is a major brain lipid believed to play a role in brain development. It is thought that preterm infants may receive less DHA than full-term infants due to a shortened third trimester. (3)(4) A systematic review included 32 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of which 10 studies were meta-analyzed. The RCTs examined the effect of enteral feeds of LCPUFA-supplemented formulas on neurodevelopment …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".