Chinook Wind Barosinusitis: An Anatomic Evaluation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chinook, or föhn, is a weather phenomenon characterized by a rapid influx of warm, high-pressured winds into a specific location. Pressure changes associated with chinook winds induce facial pain similar to acute sinusitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between sinonasal anatomy and chinook headaches. METHODS: Retrospective computed tomography (CT) sinonasal anatomy analysis of 38 patients with chinook headaches and 27 controls (no chinook headaches). The chinook headache status was blinded from the CT reviewer. Forty-one sinonasal anatomy variants, Lund-Mackay status, and sinus size (cm(3)) were recorded. RESULTS: There were three statistically significant sinonasal anatomy differences between patients with and without chinook headaches. The presence of a concha bullosa and sphenoethmoidal cell (Onodi cell) appeared to predispose to chinook headaches (p = 0.004). Chinook headache patients had larger maxillary sinus size (right, p = 0.015, and left, p = 0.002). The Lund-Mackay score was higher in the control patients (p = 0.003) indicating that chronic sinusitis does not play a role in chinook headaches. CONCLUSION: Chinook winds are a common source of facial pain and pressure. This is the first study to show that sinonasal anatomic variations may be a predisposing factor. Anatomic variants may induce facial pain by blocking the natural sinus ostia, thus preventing adequate pressure equilibrium.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".