Grey seal,<i>Halichoerus grypus</i>, habitat selection around haulout sites in the Baltic Sea: bathymetry or central-place foraging?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We investigated habitat selection by grey seals, Halichoerus grypus, around haulouts in the Baltic Sea. Home ranges (95% fixed kernel) varied in size from 1088 to 6400 km 2 . Observed habitat use was tested against the circular home range predicted from a simple central-place model. The overlap between the home ranges predicted by this simple model and actually exhibited by the seals was <70% for 9 of 11 seals. Furthermore, the depth distributions of the utilised areas were significantly different from that available in the circular home range for all 11 seals. Seals selected depths of 11-40 m and avoided areas >51 m deep. Ten of the 11 seals used areas within a 50-km radius around the haulout site for more than 75% of the time. Thus, in spite of their mobility and the availability of many islands, seals usually remained in the vicinity of a specific haulout site for extended periods. The seals did not use the habitat around the haulout site as predicted by the simple central-place model, but selected habitat according to bathymetric characteristics (e.g., water depth). Detection of these relatively small but heavily used home ranges around haulout sites may be of assistance in management plans in order to reduce the growing number of seal-fisheries conflicts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".