Perfusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage at Baseline and during the 1st and 2nd Week: A Longitudinal Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Ischemic penumbra has been suggested as a contributing mechanism to secondary neuronal injury in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Preliminary data suggest the presence of perihematomal hypoperfusion within the first hours after acute ICH. Our objective was to elucidate perfusion changes in the perihematomal region over time using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: Two perfusion-weighted MRIs were studied prospectively in 18 ICH patients. All patients had an acute perfusion-weighted MRI within 24 h of the onset of symptoms (time 0); 11 patients had a follow-up study on day 7 (time 1), and 7 patients on days 10-14 (time 2). The region of interest (ROI) was placed over the penumbral area, on high-intensity FLAIR and perfusion overlapping map imaging. Clinical data were assessed at baseline (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) and on day 90 (Canadian Scale, modified Rankin Scale). RESULTS: The average hematoma volume was 56 (9-140) ml; 10 were located deeply, and 8 were lobar. When we compared the perfusion changes (mean transit time prolongation) in the perihematomal area (lesion ROI) relative to itself over time, we found significant differences only between times 0 and 2 (p = 0.05). There were also significant differences in mean transit time between the lesion ROI and the contralateral mirror ROI in the baseline study (p = 0.001), with a trend to significance for time 1. CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirm the presence of hypoperfusion around an acute ICH and demonstrate that this change disappears completely after the first week. These data suggest that further evaluation of this feature of acute ICH is warranted, as its confirmation may lead to modifications in the current therapeutic approach.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".