Biliary brush cytology: Factors associated with positive yields on biliary brush cytology
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the yield of brushing biliary strictures and the factors associated with a positive result in biliary strictures. METHODS: Data on all consecutive patients (01/02-10/05) who were identified to have a biliary stricture and who underwent biliary brush cytology were collected. The yield of positive biliary brush cytology was evaluated and compared to results with the gold standard for diagnosis (defined as either definitive surgical histology or clinical course). Additionally, associated factors of positive results including stricture location, gender, age, mass size, length of stricture, and dilatation prior to brushing cytology were assessed. RESULTS: From 199 patients who had brushing cytology samples (10 patients were excluded due to lack of gold standard diagnosis), 77 patients had positive brushing cytology (yield 41%). Variables associated with positive cytology brushing on initial endoscopic retrograde cholangiography were age 1.02 (1.00-1.05), mass size>1 cm 2.22 (1.01-4.89) and length of stricture>1 cm 3.49 (1.18-10.2). The sensitivity of biliary brushing was 61%, its specificity 98%, the positive predictive value reached 99%, and the negative predictive value was 57%. CONCLUSION: Our results revealed a 41% positive yield from brushing cytology. The sensitivity of biliary brushing cytology in our center was 61% and the specificity was 98%. Predictors of positive yield include older age, mass size>1 cm, and stricture length of >1 cm.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it