Activation of L-Type Calcium Channels Induces Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Secretion from Human Placental Trophoblasts*
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ultimate outcome of pregnancy, parturition, is a well orchestrated process in which placental corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) seems to play an important role. The objective of the present study was to investigate the involvement of L-type calcium channels and calcium-dependent signaling in the depolarization-induced CRF release from human syncytiotrophoblast. The basal secretion of CRF by trophoblastic cells, isolated from human term placenta, was maximal after their functional differentiation, which was monitored by hCG measurements. On the fourth day of culture, the basal CRF secretion of the cells in serum-free medium was linear between 2 and 8 h. Incubation of the trophoblasts with KCl, a depolarizing stimulus, or with Bay K8644, an L-type calcium channel agonist, for 3 or 8 h led to an increase in CRF secretion, but was without effect on its synthesis. This stimulated CRF release was calcium dependent, as it could be prevented by loading cells with 1,2-bis(0-Aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (acetoxymethyl) ester. Furthermore, the KCl-induced CRF secretion involved L-type calcium channels activation, as 2 micromol/L nitrendipine, an L-type specific blocker, abolished the stimulation. In trophoblasts, where we have previously shown calcium-dependent protein kinase C (cPKCs) activity, incubation with Bay K8644 also stimulated calcium calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) and extracellular regulated kinase activities. In the present study we observed that CaMKII and cPKCs were linked to the Bay K8644-induced secretion of CRF, as only the autocamtide-2 related inhibitory peptide, a CaMKII inhibitor, and Gö6976, an inhibitor of mu and cPKCs partially prevented (30-78%) the activation of CRF release by Bay K8644. The use of PD 098056, an inhibitor of the ERKs kinases, showed no effect on CRF release. Taken together, these results support a depolarization-induced and calcium-dependent exocytotic-like secretion of CRF from human placental trophoblasts. In addition, CaMKII and cPKCs seem to be potential modulators or mediators of these calcium effects on CRF secretion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".