Bone Metabolic Imbalance Occurs at an Early Stage of Natural Menopause
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study was aimed to clarify whether bone uncoupling occurs in early (3-5 years) natural menopause. Plasma bone specific alkaline phosphatase (bALP) and osteocalcin (OC), as markers of bone formation, urinary free deoxypyridinoline (Dpd) and type I collagen helical peptide, as markers of bone resorption, in addition to circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and L2-L4 spine bone mineral density (BMD), were measured concomitantly to serum calcium and phosphate minerals. Vertebral BMD of postmenopausal women (n = 30) was significantly lower than that of premenopausal controls (n = 30). All markers of bone turnover, except for bALP, and serum minerals were markedly greater in the postmenopausal group whereas circulating IGF-1 level was lower (p < 0.01). Bone uncoupling in early menopause was confirmed by a negative uncoupling status index (USI) value, indicating an excess of resorption over formation. The difference between groups was more pronounced for type I collagen helical peptide (+49.4%) than Dpd (+35.9). This new marker of bone resorption correlated better with bone formation (as assessed by OC) and with serum minerals. The study demonstrated that bone formation and resorption increased but did not balance in early untreated postmenopausal women. Helical peptide discriminated better than Dpd early postmenopausal women from control premenopausal women. It was postulated that an alteration in the quality of bone collagen matrix might be involved in postmenopausal bone mineral loss.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".