Early life events, sex, and arterial blood pressure in critically ill infants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether photo-protecting total parenteral nutrition in preterm infants influences arterial blood pressure differently according to gender. Blood pressure is influenced by complex mechanisms of vasomodulation. Oxidants are mediators and effectors in such reactions. Shielding total parenteral nutrition from light contributes to decrease the generation of peroxides. Girls may be better protected against an oxidant load than boys. We questioned whether shielding total parenteral nutrition may have cardiovascular effects that are influenced by gender. DESIGN: A post hoc subgroup analysis of the effect of shielding parenteral nutrition from light. SETTING: Neonatal intensive care unit. SUBJECTS: Preterm infants <1000 g with indwelling arterial catheters who received light exposed (n = 20) or light protected (n = 20) parenteral nutrition. INTERVENTIONS: Invasive monitoring, total parenteral nutrition. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Arterial blood pressure was recorded hourly and compared between light exposed and light protected over the first week of life; timed average maximum velocity (m/s) was measured in the superior mesenteric artery by Doppler; presence of ductus arteriosus was documented by cardiac ultrasound. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance. No differences were noted between light exposed and light protected in clinical determinants that may influence blood pressure. There was an interaction (p < .01) between gender and total parenteral nutrition on blood pressure. In girls (n = 17), systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher (p < .01) and heart rate lower (p < .01) during light exposed. There was no effect on BP observed in boys (n = 23). The linear correlation between timed average maximum velocity and systolic blood pressure was positive (p < .05). There was no echocardographic difference in hemodynamic variables between boys (n = 21) and girls (n = 9) who had a patent ductus. CONCLUSION: Failure to shield total parenteral nutrition from light results in higher blood pressure in a selected population of critically ill female infants. This information adds to our understanding of the multiple determinants involved in optimizing arterial blood pressure in a critical care environment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".