Quantification of Sodium Thiosulphate Protection on Cisplatin-Induced Toxicities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To quantify the amount of protection from cisplatin (CDDP)-induced mortality and toxicity provided by sodium thiosulphate (STS). DESIGN: Prospective controlled animal study. SETTING: Animal research facility. METHOD: Nephrotoxicity, myelotoxicity, and auditory/neurotoxicity were studied in guinea pigs. Total CDDP doses of 15, 21, 25, 35, and 45 mg/kg were administered to animals in groups of five. In some groups, STS (8000 mg/kg) was given. Animals underwent bloodwork and auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing to estimate toxicity before and 1 month after treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and white blood cell count were used to assess renal and myelotoxicity. Hearing was assessed with ABR thresholds to click stimuli. Survival was an overall measure of toxicity. RESULTS: Forty guinea pigs in six treatment groups were studied. Animals given 21 mg/kg CDDP all died within 1 month and showed evidence of severe toxicity. Eighty percent of subjects treated with CDDP 15 mg/kg survived and showed evidence of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Subjects treated with STS and CDDP showed survival comparable to the control group treated with CDDP 15 mg/kg. Under STS protection, CDDP was tolerated in doses three times the toxic dose without protection. Without STS, the maximum dose of CDDP tolerated for a month was 15 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS: STS protects against mortality owing to CDDP by reducing toxicity. Under STS protection, the maximum tolerated dose of CDDP is greatly increased in guinea pigs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".