Multi‐Scale Investigation of a Colloid Micro‐Propulsion System
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Electric propulsion is highly efficient for both deep‐space and near‐earth applications and it is an excellent candidate for small satellites. A colloidal electrostatic thruster for small spacecrafts is investigated in the present paper. A multi‐disciplinary approach (encompassing several scales of modelling: fluid, particle trajectory and molecular modelling) is adopted in order to gain an increased understanding of complex underlying physical processes. The governing factors are accessed in order to obtain the onset and maintenance of a focused beam of droplets or ions. The trajectories and characteristics of the droplets and ions are investigated and multi‐electrode configurations are parameterized by simulations. The flow from the capillary needle, just before the droplets are formed, is also investigated by fluid methods. The molecular modelling provides interesting information on the different modes of emission from the perspective of the stability of the ions. The multi‐scale results obtained are fully discussed and the valuable insights provided by the simulations are also currently fully helping in the design of a laboratory model of an electric micro‐propulsion system for small spacecrafts. magnified image
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".