Strength Behavior Study of Apples under Compression Loading
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The mechanical properties data of fruits are important in the design of various handling, packing, storage and transportation systems. In this research some mechanical properties of two Iranian apple varieties (Golab Kohanz and Shafi Abadi) were analyzed in moisture contents 86% and 84% (W.b) for Golab Kohanz and Shafi Abadi varieties, respectively. Mechanical properties including rupture force and energy, deformation to rupture point, failure stress and strain, Young’s modulus (initial tangent modulus, secant modulus, tangent modulus and chard modulus), toughness and hardness were studied under compression loading using standard methods and so firmness was determined by puncture test. Average values of rupture force and energy, failure stress, failure strain, deformation, toughness and hardness were determined,57.81N, 285.88 mJ, 0.37 MPa, 31.2%, 7.77 mm, 0.06 J/cm3, 9.14 N/mm for Shafi Abadi variety, respectively. The corresponding values for Golab Kohanz variety were obtained 51.11 N, 157.51 mJ, 0.32 MPa, 23.36%, 5.6 mm, 0.04 J/cm3 and 7.79 N/mm, respectively. Initial tangent modulus, secant modulus, tangent modulus and chard modulus were obtained 0.93, 1.76, 2.27 and 2.11 MPa for Shafi Abadi variety and 0.81, 1.52, 2.08 and 2.04 MPa for Golab Kohanz variety, respectively. The firmness obtained 59.26 N for Shafi Abadi variety and corresponding value was 47.69 N for Golab Kohanz variety, respectively. According to results Shafi Abadi variety had stiffer and resisterer issue to mechanical forces than Golab Kohanz variety.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".