Experimental Evidence for the Influence of Mn<sup>3+</sup> Concentration on the Impurity Incorporation and Habit Modification Mechanism of Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High resolution X-ray diffraction is applied to study Mn 3+ doped potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) single crystals as a function of dopant concentration with quantitative dopant composition within the crystals being assessed using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS). Synchrotron radiation high resolution X-ray multiple diffraction studies using both the Renninger scanning and two-dimensional angular mapping techniques are consistent with the Mn 3+ ionic complex entering the crystal lattice via a substitutional incorporation mechanism for Mn 3+ at a concentration of 0.1 wt %. For a higher Mn concentration of 0.9 wt %, the data indicate incorporation via an interstitial mechanism associated with a decrease in lattice perfection (an increased mosaic spread). This analysis is supported through X-ray powder diffraction studies which reveal lattice contraction for lower dopant levels with lattice dilation for the higher dopant levels. The potential impact of this observation on the associated crystal growth habit modification process is discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".