Nutrient utilization by caterpillars of the generalist beet armyworm, <i>Spodoptera exigua</i>
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), caterpillars are destructive crop pests responsible for considerable annual economic losses. These generalist herbivores are challenged with a diversity of dietary choices that can impact their survival, development and fecundity. In the present study, dietary choices of S. exigua caterpillars, based on the protein to digestible carbohydrate (P : C) ratio of the food, and the impact of nutritionally unbalanced foods on caterpillar performance are assessed. In choice experiments, individual third‐instar caterpillars are offered simultaneously a P‐biased and a C‐biased food until pupation. Caterpillars feed nonrandomly and select a slightly P‐biased diet (22P : 20C). In no‐choice experiments, second instar caterpillars are reared until pupation on diets ranging in P : C ratio from extremely P‐ to extremely C‐biased. High mortality and delayed development are observed on the C‐rich, P‐poor diets, highlighting the potential deleterious effects of excess carbohydrates and the importance of protein for growth and development. Diet‐dependent differences in pupal weight or pupal lipid reserves are not observed. This contrasts with closely‐related Spodoptera species where pupal mass and lipid stores increase on C‐rich, P‐poor diets. On the extremely P‐biased diet, performance is similar to that of individuals reared on the self‐selected diet, suggesting that these caterpillars may efficiently be deaminating excess amino acids to generate carbon skeletons, which are shunted into lipid biosynthesis. Spodoptera exigua caterpillars exhibit flexible and efficient pre‐ingestive nutrient intake regulation and post‐ingestive utilization, allowing these generalist feeders to cope with the heterogeneous diets they may encounter.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it