Effects of Mo-Containing Dispersants on the Function of ZDDP: Chemistry and Tribology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The interactions of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) with three different Mo-containing dispersants has been investigated both on thermally and tribologically generated films. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, at the P and S L-edge and K-edge and the Mo L-edge, has been used to identify the chemical species in the surface and bulk of the films. XPS has also been used to complement the XANES data. Wear scar widths and friction coefficients have been measured. The data indicate a much enhanced improvement in antiwear and friction reduction properties of the blends containing the Mo dispersants/ZDDP over blends containing ZDDP alone. XANES spectroscopy shows clearly the presence of MoS 2 species in the rubbing films containing Mo/ZDDP along with long chain polyphosphate. However, the Mo dispersants alone have no antiwear and friction reducing characteristics. The thermally generated films did not show the formation of MoS 2 , and it is concluded that rubbing is required for the molybdenum disulfide species to form.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".