Mediators of cytokine-induced insulin resistance in obesity and other inflammatory settings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Increased release and action of proinflammatory cytokines are thought to be responsible for the occurrence of insulin resistance in inflammatory and metabolic diseases including obesity-linked diabetes. Recent work has identified several signal transduction pathways activated by cytokines which can impede on insulin receptor signaling in skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose cells. A majority of these complex and interrelated pathways appear to converge at the level of insulin receptor substrate-1 by promoting its serine phosphorylation in order to mediate heterologous inhibition of insulin receptor substrate-1 signaling which, in turn, counterregulates the insulin response. Other possible mechanisms of insulin resistance in cytokine-treated cells include nitration of insulin receptor substrate-1 tyrosine residues by nitric oxide-derived reactive nitrogen species as well as direct interference with insulin signaling molecules further downstream such as protein kinase B/Akt. A detailed knowledge of the complex network of intracellular signaling pathways triggered by cytokines may be instrumental in the development of new approaches to prevent insulin resistance in acute and chronic inflammatory settings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".