Bibliographic record
Abstract
Silver stained proteins of a wide molecular weight (MW) range (20-116 kDa) were successfully recovered by both electroblot and electroelution. The recovery was demonstrated for nanogram loads of proteins separated by SDS-PAGE and visualized by silver staining methods compatible and incompatible with mass spectrometry (MS). It was shown that the alcohol/acid and glutaraldehyde fixation steps present in a number of staining procedures did not prevent recovery of intact proteins from gels. It was found that the recovery of intact proteins from silver stained gels was substantially increased upon pre-equilibration in a buffer containing the reducing agent, dithiothreitol (DTT). The effect of destaining on the recovery of silver stained proteins was also investigated. Comparable recovery of intact proteins within a wide MW range from silver stained gels with and without destaining step was demonstrated. Recovery of model proteins from gels visualized using silver staining method compatible with MS showed 52 to 76% yield of that from the unstained gel, depending upon method of the transfer. Comparison of the recovery of intact proteins from gels visualized using other staining procedures was also made. The above findings have implications as to the supposed irreversible nature of protein "fixation" inside polyacrylamide matrix, and confirm lack of binding of proteins in the gel to metal silver deposited on its surface. This method has the potential to be suitable for direct characterization of proteins by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) without additional purification steps.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.026 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".