Characterization of the Radiochemical Activity in CANDU Steam Generators
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The scope of mid-life refurbishment activities at some CANDU plants includes replacement of the existing steam generators. Shipment of the discarded steam generators for interim storage, intact disposal or for recycling via metal melting requires an assessment of dose rates and the inventory of radionuclides within the components. Kinectrics was contracted by CANDU utility owners to develop such data. This paper presents the detailed methodology employed to develop dose rate and radionuclide inventory data for radionuclides within both in-service and the out-of-service (in-storage) steam generators. The data were developed as follows: a) archived tube sections from various steam generators were characterized; scaling factors were derived using the detailed alpha and beta activity data obtained, b) in-situ gamma spectrometry (using germanium and cadmium zinc telluride detectors) and dose rate surveys were performed at various steam generators and c) a detailed assessment of the tritium inventory in various primary and secondary side components was performed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".