A novel technique for evaluation of apple (<i>Malus</i> × <i>domestica</i> Borkh.) cultivars for susceptibility to powdery mildew
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A technique for the evaluation of apple cultivars for susceptibility to powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera leucotricha (Ell. & Ev.) E. S. Salmon (anamorph Oidium farinosum Cooke) was tested at the Pacific Agri-Food research Centre (PARC), Summerland, BC. Shoots of test cultivars [Braeburn, Creston, Elstar, Empire, Fuji strain BC2, Gala strain Royal, Jonagold, McIntosh, Delicious red strain Bisbee, Shamrock, Silken, Sunrise, and one breeding selection (11w-17-85)], approximately 6 cm in length, were grafted on to branches of mature Jonagold trees in the spring and evaluated in the summer of the same year and in subsequent years after growth on the host tree. Incidence and severity of powdery mildew were evaluated in 1994, 1995, 1997, and 1998. They were not evaluated in 1996 because approximately half the grafts from the previous year did not grow and had to be replaced. The highest incidence of powdery mildew averaged 84% for Gala, compared with only 15% for Bisbee Delicious with the lowest incidence. Gala had the highest number of P. leucotricha conidia per cm 2 of leaf area (4.9 × 10 4 ) compared to Bisbee Delicious (1.2 × 10 4 ). Some of the grafted cultivars were also evaluated for primary powdery mildew and fruit russetting in 1998 after the growth for three seasons. Jonagold had the highest numbers of primary infections and russetted fruit. Key words: Podosphaera leucotricha, breeding, cultivar resistance, pest management
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it