Caruncle abnormalities in the oculo‐auriculo‐vertebral spectrum
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Goldenhar syndrome (GS) is a congenital disorder believed to be caused by the defective development of the first and second brachial arches and the first brachial clefts during the fourth through eighth weeks of embryologic development. It is characterized by epibulbar dermoids and/or lipodermoids, preauricular tags, pretragal fistulas, hemifacial microsomia, and vertebral anomalies. Other ocular and nonocular symptoms have also been described. To our knowledge there are only three previous reports of abnormal caruncles in GS. We have reviewed our experience with a consecutive series of seven GS patients with caruncular malformations. Caruncular abnormalities included dysplatic and/or bilobed caruncles (two cases), ectopic caruncles (three bilateral cases and one unilateral case), and ectopic plus dysplastic caruncles (one case). Our experience suggests that the incidence of caruncular malformations in GS anomalies is higher than previously reported. This may be clinically important in differentiating GS from other first- and second-arch syndromes. Additionally, linking abnormalities in the first and second months of gestation that cause the typical stigmata of GS with malformation of the caruncles, which normally develop in the third month of gestation, could provide clues to the pathogenesis of GS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".