Functional characterization of WT1 binding sites within the human vitamin D receptor gene promoter
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Wilms' tumor suppressor gene, wt1, encodes a zinc finger transcription factor that can regulate gene expression. It plays an essential role in tumorigenesis, kidney differentiation, and urogenital development. To identify WT1 downstream targets, gene expression profiling was conducted using a cDNA array hybridization approach. We confirm herein that the human vitamin D receptor (VDR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, is a WT1 downstream target. Nuclear run on experiments demonstrated that the effect of WT1 on VDR expression is at the transcriptional level. Transient transfection assays, deletion mutagenesis, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays suggest that, although WT1 is presented with a possibility of three binding sites within the VDR promoter, activation of the human VDR gene appears to occur through a single site. This site differs from a previously identified WT1-responsive site in the murine VDR promoter (Maurer U, Jehan F, Englert C, Hübinger G, Weidmann E, DeLucas HF, and Bergmann L. J Biol Chem 276: 3727-3732, 2001). We also show that the products of a Denys-Drash syndrome allele of wt1 inhibit WT1-mediated transactivation of the human VDR promoter. Our results indicate that the human VDR gene is a downstream target of WT1 and may be regulated differently than its murine counterpart.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".