Altered mossy fiber distributions in adult <i>Fmr1</i> (FVB) knockout mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The fragile-X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is greatly reduced or absent in individuals with fragile-X mental retardation syndrome, a common, heritable form of mental retardation. Morphological studies suggest that this protein functions in normal synapse maturation and neuronal plasticity. Examination of human brain autopsy tissue has shown that fragile-X patients exhibit long, thin spines more frequently, and stubby mushroom-shaped spines less frequently, than these two types of spines are seen in normal autopsy tissue. Fragile-X tissue also has a greater density of these spines along dendrites, which suggests a possible failure of synapse elimination. Fmr1 knockout mice and wild-type littermates brains were processed for Timm staining, which reveals the zinc-rich terminals of the dentate gyrus, the mossy fibers. The Fmr1 knockout mice exhibited a pattern of Timm granule-staining within the stratum oriens of subfield CA3 and the inner molecular layer that was significantly different than staining seen in wild-type animals. The sources and consequences of the altered terminal staining are unclear, but are discussed in relation to immature synapse morphology, a failure of normal regression of synapses, and a potential biological penalty of such a failure to regress.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".