Testing and Analysis of Steel Pipes under Bending, Tension, and Internal Pressure
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper reports a full-scale experimental program consisting of six pipe specimens made of X65 material (specified minimum yield strength=448MPa ) with 508mm outer diameter, and a diameter-to-thickness ratio (D∕t) of 81.2 subjected to combinations of bending, axial tension, and internal pressure. The study is aimed at determining whether the pipes are able to attain their modified plastic moment as predicted by analytically derived plastic interaction relations. The moment versus curvature relations, peak moment values, and local buckling behavior of the specimens as obtained from the experiments are documented. The peak moments obtained are compared to the analytically predicted moments. A nonlinear shell finite-element model is also developed using the finite-element analysis (FEA) simulator ABAQUS in order to predict the moment capacity and the local buckling behavior. Test results compare well with FEA results. It is observed that under certain combinations of axial tension and internal pressure, pipes with D∕t=81.2 are able to attain their plastic moment resistances.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it