Differences in light and temperature responses determine autumn versus spring germination for seeds of <i>Schoenolirion croceum</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Seeds of the southeastern North American Schoenolirion croceum (Michx.) Wood are dormant when dispersed in late spring to early summer. Fresh seeds buried in soil after dispersal germinate in autumn, whereas those sown on the soil surface do so the following late winter early spring. To understand this difference in germination phenology, we examined the light and temperature requirements for dormancy break and germination. Seeds germinated to high percentages in darkness over 12:12 h thermoperiods ranging from 15:6 to 35:20 °C following warm stratification (25:15 °C) in darkness, whereas no seeds germinated in light following stratification in light. On the other hand, seeds germinated to high percentages in light and in darkness following cold stratification (5 °C) in light or darkness. Seeds exposed to light during autumn germinated in winterspring regardless of the light regime in summer or winterspring, whereas those in darkness during autumn germinated in autumn regardless of the light regime in summer. Thus, light conditions during autumn are critical for determining whether seeds will germinate in autumn versus early spring. In contrast with many other species in which germination phenology is mostly temperature controlled, timing of germination for S. croceum depends on the light conditions in relation to temperatures experienced during dormancy release.Key words: dark, germination phenology, Hyacinthaceae, negative photoblastic seeds, photoecology, seed dormancy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".