Flurbiprofen, a unique non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with antimicrobial activity against Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton species
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIMS: The objective of this study was to determine the antifungal activity of flurbiprofen against dermatophytes like Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton species. METHODS AND RESULTS: Susceptibility tests were performed against dermatophytes like Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton species by the microbroth dilution method. Among the dermatophytes tested, Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton species are remarkably susceptible to this compound (MIC(50): 8-16 microg ml(-1)). A yeast pathogen, Candida albicans, and a bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus, are also susceptible to flurbiprofen. CONCLUSIONS: Flurbiprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound with strong antifungal activity, which is not found in two well known and medically used antifungal organic acids like benzoic and salicylic acids. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The present action of flurbiprofen on microbes indicates its future prospects as an antimicrobial agent against dermatophytes and yeast pathogens. However, in view of the anti-inflammatory property of flurbiprofen, its antifungal action may provide an additional advantage for use as a skin ointment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".