Adsorption of Mixtures of Toxic Metal Ions Using Non-Viable Cells of <i>Saccharomyces Cerevisiae</i>
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of waste biomaterial for the adsorption of heavy metal ions is an economically appealing alternative to conventional metal ion removal methods. In the present work, S. cerevisiae biomass has been shown to be capable of the simultaneous removal of more than 98% of Pb(II) ions, 60% of Zn(II) ions and up to 55% of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions in the 10–50 mg/ℓ concentration range. Model equations describing the removal efficiency of each metal ion were determined using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with respect to operating conditions such as pH, initial metal ion concentration and biomass dosage. Characterization of the metal ion–biomass interactions responsible for biosorption was studied employing zeta potential measurements, BET, FT-IR and EDX techniques; these indicated that the uptake of metal ions by non-living yeast was a surface adsorption phenomenon. The results proved the involvement of an ion-exchange mechanism between the adsorbing metal ions and the cell walls. In the presence of the complete range of metal ions studied, yeast cells were more selective towards Pb(II) ions.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it