Longitudinal Trends in Antiretroviral Use in a Cohort of Men and Women in Ontario, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Initial studies have shown impaired access to antiretrovirals and slower adoption of new therapies by women. It is unclear if similar treatment delays still occur, especially in those with a publicly funded health care system in Ontario, Canada. The objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate longitudinal patterns of antiretroviral use in patients with HIV in Ontario and (2) to determine if gender differences exist in access to and uptake of antiretroviral drugs over time. A retrospective medical chart review was undertaken. One hundred four HIV-positive patients were recruited from nine hospital-based HIV outpatient clinics throughout Ontario. From time of study enrollment in 1999-2001 to the first clinic visit (8.1 +/- 3.2 years; range, 2.3-16.8 years), CD4+ T-cell counts, date of and agents used in initial antiretroviral regimen, and first HAART regimen were evaluated by gender. Kaplan-Meier plots were used to evaluate time to drug initiation from known HIV diagnosis. Serial cross sections of numbers and types of antiretroviral drugs prescribed in March, June, September, and December 1988 to 2001 were also compared as was number of regimens used. There were few differences between men and women in antiretroviral use; both initiated therapy within 2.2 +/- 2.3 years of HIV diagnosis at an average CD4 counts of 300.3 +/- 150.1 cells per microliter. Antiretroviral treatment regimens changed over time, with limited variation by gender. In the period immediately surrounding the first highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) recommendations by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services in July 1997, significantly more antiretroviral drugs were prescribed for men than women. Antiretroviral prescribing in patients attending hospital- based HIV outpatient programs in Ontario is consistent with antiretroviral treatment guidelines over time, without substantial differences in antiretroviral access and use by gender.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".