Modeling of Shape Memory Alloy Actuators Using Likhachev’s Formulation
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article presents a simplified version of Likhachev’s micromechanical model and its integration in ANSYS, a commercial finite element software package used to simulate the response of a structure equipped with shape memory alloy wire actuators controlled by direct Joule heating. The original Likhachev’s formulation is adapted to obtain a model that is easy to characterize, numerically efficient, and general in the sense that it can simulate all the shape memory-related features using the same formulation (superelasticity, shape memory effect, stress generation, etc.). The adapted Likhachev’s formulation is coupled to an electro-thermal model to simulate temporal response of actuators heated by an electrical current. An experimental result obtained with a deformable airfoil powered by shape memory actuators is used to validate the proposed electro-thermo-mechanical model.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it