Mineral concentration and distribution in tubers of fertilized and unfertilized potato cultivars Shepody and Russet Burbank as determined by VP-SEM/EDS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plant nutrients are difficult to measure in situ using traditional chemical methods. In this study, a variable pressure scanning electron microscope (VP-SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) was used to map elemental nutrients in potato tissue. Samples were taken from tubers of the cultivars Shepody and Russet Burbank from fertilized and non-fertilized plots. Each sample was divided into eight segments from stem to bud. X-ray mapping showed a higher overall concentration of P, M g, and Ca in tubers from fertilized plots compared with those from unfertilized plots for Shepody and Russet Burbank. P content was correlated with Mg content in Shepody (r = 0.851) and in Russet Burbank (r = 0.748). An increasing gradient of P and Mg from stem end to center of tubers and decrease again towards the bud end was observed in Russet Burbank, but was not as noticeable in Shepody. Ca showed a steady decline from stem end to bud end of tubers and little or no correlation to P or Mg for both cultivars. Results obtained using VP-SEM/EDS showed good correlation to those found using traditional chemical methods. We demonstrated that VP-SEM/EDS can be successfully used for mapping of nutrients in potato tubers. This study gives support to this technique as an alternative to traditional chemical methods of measuring minerals and nutrients. Key words: Potato, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, distribution (mineral), P, Mg, Ca
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".