A model of total swimming costs in turbulent flow for juvenile Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) live in rivers characterized by highly turbulent flows. In these environments, flow turbulence is associated with a wide range of instantaneous flow velocities, which may affect the energetic costs of habitat utilization of juvenile Atlantic salmon. The purpose of our work was to develop a swimming costs model for juvenile Atlantic salmon that especially accounts for the effects of velocity fluctuations in turbulent environments. We estimated the total swimming costs of fish in a respirometer in which we produced five turbulent flow conditions, each characterized by a mean and a standard deviation of flow. Respirometry experiments were conducted at water temperatures of 10, 15, and 20 °C with fish ranging in size between 4.3 and 17.6 g at three mean flow velocities (18, 23, and 40 cm·s 1 ) and three standard deviations of flow velocity (5, 8, and 10 cm·s 1 ). Our results confirmed that total swimming costs increased with an increase of water temperature, body mass, mean flow velocity, and standard deviation of flow velocity (R 2 = 0.93). Water temperature, body mass, mean flow velocity, and standard deviation of flow velocity contributed respectively 2%, 31%, 46%, and 14% to the explained variation in total swimming costs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".