Agglomeration Behavior of Dolomitic Sorbents during Long-Term Sulfation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High-sulfur fuels, such as petroleum coke and high-sulfur coal, are associated with fouling caused by the sulfation process itself. Earlier work on calcitic limestones has suggested that such phenomena usually occur at high levels of sulfation (60% or more), and that inerts, such as silica, iron, and alumina compounds, in the fuel ash can reduce agglomeration. The situation with dolomitic limestones is less clear, and in particular the effects of the Mg component on this form of agglomeration requires study. This work shows that agglomerates from dolomites can develop strength in much the same way as those from calcitic limestones, and that a double-salt, CaMg 2 (SO 4 ) 3 is probably involved in this strength development at lower temperatures. Its presence has been detected in mixtures of fine CaSO 4 /MgSO 4 powder at temperatures at least up to 750 °C and in sulfated dolomite samples at 700 °C. However, it is also clear that, in the absence of the sulfation process, mixtures of CaSO 4 /MgSO 4 do not develop significant strength under the test conditions associated with this work.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".