Mode of Failure of a Group of Stone Columns in Soft Soil
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The design of stone columns is currently based on theories developed for a single column, ignoring the group interaction and therefore the group efficiency. Whereas single stone columns mainly fail by bulging, a group of stone columns may fail by bulging or shear of the entire soil/columns mass. A numerical model was developed to simulate the case of a single stone column and a group of stone columns installed in soft clay. The model establishes the level of interaction between individual columns and therefore determines the mode of failure of a given geometry, soil, and loading condition. The model was validated with the available experimental data in the literature and used to generate data for a potential mode of failure. This parametric study is conducted to examine the effect of the parameters believed to govern the mode of failure and includes modulus of elasticity of the stone column material and the clay, column diameter, and the spacing and angle of shearing resistance of the column material. The design procedure is presented to assist the designer in establishing the mode failure of a group of stone columns (bulging, general, local, or punching shear).
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it