Influence of the Conductivity and Viscosity of Protic Ionic Liquids Electrolytes on the Pseudocapacitance of RuO<sub>2</sub> Electrodes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Several new protic ionic liquids (PILs) were prepared by mixing trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) with various heterocyclic amines using different base:acid ratios (1:1 and 1:2). Their specific conductivities have been measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and were found ranging from 0.71 to 9.07 mS·cm −1 at 27.0 °C. In all cases, the conductivity of a given ionic liquid increased with a higher proportion of acid (1:2 ratio) which is explained mainly a smaller viscosity obtained in these conditions. Indeed, in most PILs, the dynamic viscosity (10.3−484 cp at 27.0 °C) is decreased by a higher acid proportion. Both parameters were used to construct a Walden plot in order to evaluate the quality of these protic ionic liquids (PILs) and compare them with common room temperature (RT) molten salts. The physicochemical properties of the PILs were then compared with the specific capacitance values obtained with a thermally prepared RuO 2 electrode in these ionic liquid electrolytes. This work brings evidence that pseudocapacitance is involved in the energy storage mechanism of the PILs studied here and shows that PILs could eventually be used as electrolytes in metal oxide-based supercapacitors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".