Investigation of essential oils of Conyza canadensis herb and root
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Canadian horseweed [ Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.] is an Asteraceae species indigenous to America but it is distributed widely in Hungary. The aerial parts and the root of this plant have been used all over the word as a herbal medicine for gastrointestinal and rheumatic symptoms. Moreover, the volatile oil of horseweed have been applied for bronchitis and cystitis [1,2]. In order to evaluate chemical constituents and antimicrobial activities of horseweed, essential oils obtained from herbs and roots were investigated. The essential oils were analysed by combination of GC and GC/MS. The identification of the constituents was achieved from their retention indices and comparison of their MS data with computer library database and with literature data [3]. Both oils showed different chemical composition. The essential oil of the herbs contained more components than the essential oil of the roots. The major constituent of the oil of the aerial part of horseweed was limonene (78%), while main components of root oil were acetylenes. The antimicrobial activities of the oils were tested on Gram positive ( Enterococcus faecalis , Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus pyogenes ), Gram negative ( Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa ) bacteria, reference fungal strains and fungal strains isolated from patients ( Candida , Cryptococcus , Trichophyton , Rhodotorula , Aspergillus ). No substantial differences were found between the activities of the essential oils, none of them showed any activity against the bacterial strains tested, but exhibited moderate to strong activity against all fungi with the only exception of A. fumigatus . The highest zone of inhibition was observed against Cryptococcus neoformans . Acknowledgements: Our investigation was supported by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA 72771). References: 1. Grünwald, J., Brendler, T., Jänicke, C. (Eds.) (2000) PDR for Herbal Medicines. Thomson. 2. Khare, C. P. (Ed.) (2007). Indian Medicinal Plants – An Illustrated Dictionary. Springer-Verlag. Berlin/Heidelberg. 3. Adams, RP. (1995) Identification of Essential Oil Components by GC/MS., Allured Publishing Co. Carol Stream, Illinois USA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".