Molecular evidence for induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase during <i>Puccinia graminis</i> infection and elicitation in wheat
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Degenerate primers corresponding to the conserved sequences in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) genes cloned from rice and parsley were used to amplify segments of the PAL genes from wheat (Triticum aestivum). More than 76% base sequence identity with the homologous genes confirmed that a 437 base pairs (bp) fragment was derived from the coding region of PAL. Using this fragment as probe, two PAL genes linked in tandem, Wpalt1 and Wpalt2, were isolated from a wheat genomic library. Northern blot and RNA dot blot analyses using a probe for Wpalt1 demonstrated that Wpalt1 expression was organ specific. Wpalt1 expression was high in roots and moderate in stems, but no detectable expression was found in leaves. Infection of leaves with Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) induced, within 4 to 8 d, a high level of Wpalt1 transcripts in the Pgt resistant near-isogenic Prelude Sr6 line, while a delayed induction was observed in the Pgt susceptible isogenic Prelude sr6 line. In cell suspension cultures, treatment with chitin oligomers or an elicitor derived from P. graminis germ tube walls activated Wpalt1 gene expression. The Pgt-derived elicitor activated PAL expression earlier than did chitin oligomers, whereas chitin oligomers appeared to be more potent inducers of PAL expression than was the Pgt-derived elicitor.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".